ALTERNATIVAS BIOMOLECULARES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD
Palabras clave:
Grasa Parda, Obesidad, transcripción, EID1, transdiferenciación, Brown fat, obesity, transcription, transdifferentiationResumen
ResumenLa obesidad se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública que cobija tanto a países desarrollados como a aquellos en vía de desarrollo. En la mayoría de los casos las políticas de salud no han tenido el efecto deseado para reducir la prevalencia de esta patología y muchos de los fármacos útiles para contrarrestar la obesidad no han podido continuar en el mercado debido a serios efectos secundarios. Algunas alternativas terapéuticas más agresivas como la cirugías reductivas han demostrado una utilidad restringida. Incluso, recientes observaciones han puesto de manifiesto las consecuencias a largo plazo de este tipo de intervenciones.
En la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para el tratamiento de la obesidad se ha investigado, tanto en la propia célula grasa como en los genes que podrían ser modificados y cuya función está enfocada en regular el gasto calórico y la termogénesis adaptativa. Algunos de estos genes son modificados por factores de transcripción que pueden determinar la característica fenotípica de la célula grasa. Recientemente se ha observado que en la persona adulta es posible evidenciar vestigios de célula grasa parda que puede gastar energía en forma de calor y esta modificación podría ser una alternativa terapéutica en la obesidad. Nuestro grupo de investigación ha observado que mediante la modificación de la función de la proteína del retinoblastoma (pRb) se pueden aumentar los genes que estimulan la pérdida calórica en el adipocito.
Palabras clave: Grasa Parda, Obesidad, transcripción, EID1, transdiferenciación
BIOMOLECULAR OPTIONS IN TREATING OBESITYAbstractObesity is a public health issue for both developed and third world countries. Although many efforts have been made to reverse the trend of this prevalent pathology, no results have been obtained with public health policies in most cases. Furthermore, many medicines approved for treatment of obesity have been withdrawn from the market dueto serious side-effects. Limited usefulness has been observed with aggressive alternative treatments such as bariatric surgery. Recent findings question these intervention procedures due to adverse long-term consequences. In searching for new strategies in treatment of obesity, research has been conducted on the fat cell itself and in genes susceptible to modification that regulate caloric expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis.
Some of these genes aremodified by transcription factors that determine characteristic fat cell phenotype. New research has shown brown fat remnants in adult people, with the possibility of heat energy expenditure, an eventual alternative treatment for obesity. Our group of investigators has observed that, through retinoblastoma protein function (pRb) modification, it is possible to increase the number of genes that stimulate caloric expenditure in the adipocyte.
Key words: Brown fat, obesity, transcription, EID1, transdifferentiation
Biografía del autor/a
Fernando Lizcano, Centro de Investigación Biomédica Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana.
MD., PhD. Facultad de Medicina Universidad de La Sabana. Presidente de la Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología.
Diana Vargas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana.
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