TRATAMIENTO QUIRÚRGICO DEL CARCINOMA PULMONAR. ASPECTOS ANATÓMICOS
Palabras clave:
carcinoma broncogénico, cancer de pulmón, carcinoma pulmonar, muerte por neoplasiaResumen
El cáncer pulmonar es la causa principal de muerte por neoplasia en el hombre en los E.U.A. y en muchos países del mundo; en la mujer es la segunda causa de muerte por neoplasia, y aparentemente en unos años habrá de sobrepasar al cáncer mamario, el
cual ocupa e! primer lugar (2). Esto se debe, aparentemente, al creciente número de mujeres que han adquirido el hábito de fumar (14).
El pronóstico es deplorable. Sólo alrededor del 10% de los pacientes con cáncer pulmonar sobrevive 5 allos (5), tasa que no ha mostrado mejoría en los últimos 40 años (3,4,6,25,26). Mediante quimioterapia agresiva y un vigoroso soporte del paciente, en la fórma que anteriormente se reservaba para pacientes leucémicos, se puede aspirar a supervivencias a 5 años del orden de 15 a 30% o más (2).
Aproximadamente un 40% (5) a 75% (6-8) de los tumores presenta extensión en el momento del diagnóstico (5), lo cual los hace imposibles de resecar.
Gracias a las nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico se ha logrado una mejor selección de los pacientes para tratamiento quirúrgico; con ello, quizás, se verán mejores supervivencias en el futuro.
Biografía del autor/a
José Felix Patiño Restrepo, Fundación OFA para el Avance de las Ciencias Biomédicas.
Jefe, Departamento de Cirugía, Centro Médico de los Andes, Director, Fundación OFA para el Avance de las Ciencias Biomédicas, Bogotá, D. E. Colombia.
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