Manejo quirúrgico y nutricional en enfermedades gastrointestinales

Autores/as

  • Peter B. Soeters Universidad de Maastricht, Holanda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56050/01205498.2230

Resumen

El soporte nutricional es de suma importancia en la cirugía digestiva, debido a que se interviene el tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) que es el que asegura la digestión y la reabsorción de los alimentos. El intestino delgado es el principal receptor de la absorción y cuando está sano garantiza la absorción de la mayor parte de los macronutrientes ingeridos, siempre que se mezcle con el jugo pancreato-duodenal que contiene las enzimas exocrinas. La porción sana del TGI indicará el tipo de soporte nutricional y
su función deberá estimularse mediante el uso de diferentes técnicas y la administración de fórmulas enterales de fácil digestión que favorezcan la eficacia de su utilización.

La función del intestino se ve comprometida por la alteración de la anatomía del intestino, la disminución de su actividad, la obstrucción inflamatoria e infecciosa y el reposo intestinal; en cuyo caso estaría indicada la nutrición parenteral.

Un último factor de interferencia es la presencia de sepsis generalizada o peritonitis, durante la cual fallan el peristaltismo, la digestión y la absorción. En esta situación, el tratamiento y el control de la infección son la prioridad. Una vez que esto se logra el soporte nutricional parenteral o enteral está indicado y la selección dependerá de la capacidad de absorción del intestino
restante.

Biografía del autor/a

Peter B. Soeters, Universidad de Maastricht, Holanda

Profesor Emérito de Cirugía Universidad de Maastricht Centro Médico Holanda

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Cómo citar

[1]
Soeters, P.B. 2023. Manejo quirúrgico y nutricional en enfermedades gastrointestinales. Medicina. 45, 2 (jul. 2023), 182–196. DOI:https://doi.org/10.56050/01205498.2230.

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Publicado

2023-07-31

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