CORRELACIÓN ENTRE SÍNTOMAS MENOPÁUSICOS Y PERCEPCIÓN DE ESTRÉS EN MUJERES DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Palabras clave:
Menopausia, Estrés psicológico, Calidad de vida, Climaterio, Menopause, Psychological stress, Quality of life, ClimactericResumen
Introducción: Estrés es el conjunto de procesos y respuestas ante situaciones que requieren mayor adaptación que lo habitual. En estrés psicológico, el individuo cree no controlar las exigencias del entorno. El objetivo fue estimar correlación entre síntomas menopáusicos y estrés psicológico percibido.
Metodología: Estudio transversal del proyecto CAVIMEC (Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas), realizado en mujeres de dos ciudades del caribe Colombiano, edad 40-59 años, que participaron voluntariamente en sus comunidades. Se aplicó formulario de características sociodemográficas y las escalas: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) y Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). A mayor puntuación de PSS-10, mayor estrés psicológico. A mayor valor MRS, mayor severidad de síntomas, deterioro de dominios y peor calidad de vida. El análisis estadístico se realizó con Epi–info 7.
Resultados: 471 mujeres con 48,0(45,0-52,5) años. Premenopausia: 23,9%, perimenopausia: 11,7% y posmenopausia: 64,3%. El 61,9% en sobrepeso u obesidad, 7,2% diabéticas, 15,2% hipertensas, 15,7% ooforectomía bilateral y 50,3% histerectomizadas. 69,4% manifestó que las cosas le iban bien a menudo y 57,5 % que estaban seguras sobre su capacidad para manejar problemas personales. MRS 13,0(9,0-17,0) puntos, cansancio físico/mental 84,5%, oleadas de calor 84,5% y dolores musculo/articulares 84,3%. Se encontró correlación positiva entre oleadas de calor, molestias cardiacas, trastornos del sueño, molestias musculo/articulares, estado de ánimo depresivo, irritabilidad, ansiedad, cansancio físico/mental, problemas sexuales, problemas de vejiga, sequedad vaginal y calidad de vida, con PSS-10 (p<0,005). Calidad de vida: rho=0,41(IC95%:0,33-0,48)p<0,0001. Urogenital: rho=0,39(IC95%:0,31-0,46)p<0,0001. Somático: rho=0,31(IC95%:0,23-0,39)p<0,0001. Psicológico: rho=0,38(IC95%:0,31-046)p<0,0001. Conclusión: a mayor presencia de síntomas menopáusicos, mayor estrés psicológico percibido.
CORRELATION BETWEEN MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS AND STRESS PERCEPTION IN WOMEN FROM THE COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN
ABSTRACT
Introduction: stress is a set of processes and answers in the face of different situations that require greater adaptation than the usual one. In the psychological stress, the individual believes not to have control of the environmental demand. The aim was to estimate correlation between menopausal symptoms and perceived psychological stress.
Methods: cross-sectional study of the CAVIMEC (Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas) project, carried out in women from two Caribbean cities in Colombia, between 40-59 years old who voluntarily participated in their communities. A questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics and the scales: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were applied. A higher MRS score, higher severity of the symptomatology, deterioration of the domains and higher psychological stress. The statistical analysis was done with Epi-Info 7.
Results: 471 women with 48,0 (45,0-52,5) years were included. 23,9% women were in premenopause, 11,7% in perimenopause and 64,3% in postmenopause. 61,9% were in overweight or obesity, 7,2% had diabetes, 15,2% presented hypertension, 15,7% bilateral oophorectomy and 50,3% were hysterectomyzed. 69,4% reported that things often were in a good way and 57,5 % indicated that they were sure about their ability to manage personal problems. The MRS score was 13,0(9,0-17,0), 84,5% indicated physical and mental exhaustion, 84,5% hot flushes and joint and muscular discomfort 84,3%. A positive correlation between hot flushes, heart discomfort, sleep problems, joint and muscular discomfort, depressive mood, irritability, anxiety, physical and mental exhaustion, sexual problems, bladder problems, dryness of vaginal and quality of life, with PSS-10 (p<0,005). Quality of life: rho=0,41(CI95%:0,33-0,48) p<0,0001. Urogenital domain: rho=0,39(CI95%:0,31-0,46) p<0,0001. Somatic domain: rho=0,31(CI95%:0,23-0,39) p<0,0001. Psychological domain: rho=0,38(IC95%:0,31-046) p<0,0001. Conclusion: To higher presence of menopausal symptoms, higher perceived psychological stress
Biografía del autor/a
Álvaro Monterrosa Castro, Universidad de Cartagena
Marlon Salguedo Madrid, Universidad de Cartagena
Joulen Mo Carrascal, Universidad de Cartagena
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