GENES DEL COMPLEJO MAYOR DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD (CMH), EN LA MORTALIDAD INFANTIL; HIPÓTESIS.
Palabras clave:
Bloques del CMH, mortalidad infantil, Microbiota, Autoinmunidad, MCH blocks, infantile mortality, microbiota, autoimmunityResumen
El análisis del efecto de la raza (etnicidad) en la mortalidad infantil contradice la teoría genética y favorece mecanismos socioeconómicos. En este trabajo usamos la variabilidad genética, medida por los bloques genéticos HLA-DRB1*, DQB1*, de las células del cordón umbilical de un banco público en Ciudad de México, para plantear una hipótesis que sugiere la interacción entre esta variabilidad genética y la microbiota en un factor de riesgo para mortalidad infantil. La microbiota es un ecosistema que participa en la regulación de la respuesta inmune de los individuos, sin embargo, en estados de desnutrición e infecciones no tratadas la alteración en la microbiota normal puede producir estados Proinfl amatorio agudo y crónico que unidos a genes de susceptibilidad del (CMH) como los bloques HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* presentes en enfermedades autoinmunes puede causar mortalidad infantil.
En los países desarrollados, en los cuales puede disminuir el estado pro-infl amatorio debido a infecciones crónicas existe otro problema, la combinación de genes del CMH con otros genes se asocian con autoinmunidad (enfermedades poligénicas); susceptibilidad y mezcla genética contribuyen a la incidencia de auto-inmunidad. En el futuro es necesario mejorar la salud de la población total para producir un equilibrio de la microbiota sin destruir selectivamente porciones de ella.
Palabras clave: Bloques del CMH, mortalidad infantil, Microbiota, Autoinmunidad.
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) GENES IN INFANTILE MORTALITY. HYPOTHESIS
AbstractStudies analyzing the role of ethnicity in infantile mortality contradicted the genetic theory and favor the role of socioeconomic influences. In this work we used the genetic variability, measured by the differences in the frequency of the genetic block HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* in the cells of a public bank of umbilical cord to propose a hypothesis suggesting an interaction between these genetic variability and the microbiota as a risk factor in infantile mortality. The microbiota is an ecosystem, which participates in the regulation of immune responses.
However, in malnutrition and untreated infections an alteration in the normal microbiota mig ht produce acute or chronic pro-inflammatory states that together with susceptibility genes within the MHC, HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* present in autoimmune diseases can produce infantile mortality. In developed countries, in which there are less pro-inflammatory states during, the problem could be that the combination of genes within the MHC with other genes is associated with autoimmunity (polygenic diseases); genetic susceptibility together with the genetic admixture contribute to the incidence of autoimmunity. In the future, it is then necessary to improve health of the entire population to produce a balance of the microbiota without destroying selectively part of it.
Key words: MCH blocks, infantile mortality, microbiota, autoimmunity.
Biografía del autor/a
Edmond J. Yunis, Academia Nacional de Medicina
Miembro honorario de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia. Profesor de Patología de la Escuela de Medicina de
Harvard, Boston, MA.
Julio Granados Montiel, Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.
Julio Granados Arriola
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